Notes on Justification through Faith

Romans 4:1 - 12

Paul uses the story of Abraham and the Abrahamic covenant to illustrate that we are justified through faith. Paul demonstrates that Abraham was justified before he was justified before he was circumcised. This demonstrated to the Romans that it was not works such as circumcision that we are saved but rather that we are saved by faith.

Romans 4:1 What shall we say then that Abraham our father, as pertaining to the flesh, hath found?

  • What can we say our father Abraham found pertaining to the flesh.

Romans 4:2 For if Abraham were justified by works, he hath whereof to glory; but not before God.

  • For if Abraham was justified by works, he would have glory, but not before God. (Abraham would be able to boast if by his own works he was justified but he cannot.)

Romans 4:3 For what saith the scripture? Abraham believed God, and it was counted unto him for righteousness.

Romans 4:4 Now to him that worketh is the reward not reckoned of grace, but of debt.

  • When a man works his pay is not a gift but a debt.

Romans 4:5 But to him that worketh not, but believeth on him that justifieth the ungodly, his faith is counted for righteousness.

  • But the muan who does not work but just believes in the one who saves the sinners, his faith is counted for righteousmness.

Romans 4:6 Even as David also describeth the blessedness of the man, unto whom God imputeth righteousness without works,

  • David also describes the blessedness of man to whom God counts righteous apart from his works.

Romans 4:7 Saying, Blessed are they whose iniquities are forgiven, and whose sins are covered.

  • Saying, Blessed are they whose wickedness is forgiven, and whose sins are covered.

Romans 4:8 Blessed is the man to whom the Lord will not impute sin.

  • Blessed is the man to whose sins the Lord does not count.

Romans 4:9 Cometh this blessedness then upon the circumcision only, or upon the uncircumcision also? for we say that faith was reckoned to Abraham for righteousness.

  • Are (God's) blessings only for the circumcised or for the uncircumcised as well. We have been saying Abraham's faith was credited to him as righteousness.

Romans 4:10 How was it then reckoned? when he was in circumcision, or in uncircumcision? Not in circumcision, but in uncircumcision.

  • When was the righteousness reckoned before he was circumcised or after. Before he was circumcised not after.

Romans 4:11 And he received the sign of circumcision, a seal of the righteousness of the faith which he had yet being uncircumcised: that he might be the father of all them that believe, though they be not circumcised; that righteousness might be imputed unto them also:

  • Abraham received the sign of circumcision as a seal of the righteousness of the faith which he before he was circumcised. He received this sign so that he might be the father of all them that believe, but are not circumcised so that righteousness might be imputed unto them also:

Romans 4:12 And the father of circumcision to them who are not of the circumcision only, but who also walk in the steps of that faith of our father Abraham, which he had being yet uncircumcised.

  • Abraham he is the father of the circumcised who not only are circumcised but who also walk in the footsteps of the faith that our father Abraham had before he was circumcised
Genesis Chapter 17 - Full Text

Romans Chapter 4 - Full Text

Galatians Chapter 3 - Full Text

James Chapter 2

References in Scripture

Genesis 15:6

Romans 4:1 - 12

Galatians 3:6

James 2:23


Genesis 15:6

6 Abram believed the LORD, and he credited it to him as righteousness.


Genesis 17:9 - 11

9 And God said unto Abraham, Thou shalt keep my covenant therefore, thou, and thy seed after thee in their generations.

10 This is my covenant, which ye shall keep, between me and you and thy seed after thee; Every man child among you shall be circumcised.

11 And ye shall circumcise the flesh of your foreskin; and it shall be a token of the covenant betwixt me and you.


Psalms 32:1 -2

1 Of David. A maskil. Blessed is he whose transgressions are forgiven, whose sins are covered.

2 Blessed is the man whose sin the LORD does not count against him and in whose spirit is no deceit.


Galatians 3:6

6 Even as Abraham believed God, and it was accounted to him for righteousness.


Romans 4:1 - 12

1 What shall we say then that Abraham our father, as pertaining to the flesh, hath found?

2 For if Abraham were justified by works, he hath whereof to glory; but not before God.

3 For what saith the scripture? Abraham believed God, and it was counted unto him for righteousness.

4 Now to him that worketh is the reward not reckoned of grace, but of debt.

5 But to him that worketh not, but believeth on him that justifieth the ungodly, his faith is counted for righteousness.

6 Even as David also describeth the blessedness of the man, unto whom God imputeth righteousness without works,

7 Saying, Blessed are they whose iniquities are forgiven, and whose sins are covered.

8 Blessed is the man to whom the Lord will not impute sin.

9 Cometh this blessedness then upon the circumcision only, or upon the uncircumcision also? for we say that faith was reckoned to Abraham for righteousness.

10 How was it then reckoned? when he was in circumcision, or in uncircumcision? Not in circumcision, but in uncircumcision.

11 And he received the sign of circumcision, a seal of the righteousness of the faith which he had yet being uncircumcised: that he might be the father of all them that believe, though they be not circumcised; that righteousness might be imputed unto them also:

12 And the father of circumcision to them who are not of the circumcision only, but who also walk in the steps of that faith of our father Abraham, which he had being yet uncircumcised.


James 2:23

23 And the scripture was fulfilled which saith, Abraham believed God, and it was imputed unto him for righteousness: and he was called the Friend of God.


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To Understand my faith better I have decided to construct these pages. They are strictly educational, non-commercial and to foster scholarly discussion. All Bible quotes are from the King James Version unless otherwise stated. I use the KJV because while not a perfect translation it is literal and out of Copyright. All mistakes are my own and if you differ from my thoughts I welcome your comments. J. Barry O'Connell Jr.